Frank Lloyd Wright’s Weltzheimer/Johnson House (1948), Oberlin, Ohio. Now owned by Oberlin College and operated as part of the Allen Memorial Art Museum.
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(Source: dalerothenberg)
What do Frank Lloyd Wright, a wealthy Texan couple, a Mexican government official, and Marilyn Monroe all have in common?
Frank Lloyd Wright designed a clubhouse in 1949 for the Windfohrs, a wealthy couple from Fort Worth, Texas. The clubhouse he designed had a large circular living room with a domed roof and a central skylight. Wings with barrel vault roofs extended out to contain the bedrooms, kitchen and other elements of the house. The Texas couple decided not to more forward with the clubhouse, so Wright laid the plans aside.
Three years later, in 1952 a Mexican government official, Raul Bailleres, asked Wright to design a home for his family at Acapulco Bay. Wright took the idea of the building he had designed for the Texas couple and adapted it to the more temperate climate of Mexico. He adjusted the design to fit the sloping site and enlarged the plans, adding a covered terrace and partial lower level. However, the Bailleres lost their son in a tragic accident and abandoned the project. Wright once again laid the plans aside.
Five years later, in 1957, Marilyn Monroe and her playwright husband Arthur Miller approached Wright. Monroe and Miller wanted Wright to design a large home for them, so he once again modified the domed clubhouse for their site in Connecticut. However, the couple divorced the following year and the plans were once again laid aside.
It wasn’t until after Wright’s death that the clubhouse plans were revisited. The Taliesin Associated Architects (an architectural firm founded by Frank Lloyd Wright to carry on his architectural vision) adapted the designs for a 74,000 sq. ft clubhouse eon the slops of Waikapu, Maui. It was completed and opened for business in 1993. The King Kamehameha Golf Club is a synthesized version of Wright’s three original plans. The clubhouse was modified to fit the site and circumstances, but maintains the spirit and integrity of the original designs.
Photo 1 and 2, courtesy the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives (The Museum of Modern Art | Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University, New York).
Photo 3, 4, and 5 courtesy the King Kamehameha Golf Club, Maui.
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The Wall Street Journal reports that there are 20 Frank Lloyd Wright homes for sale across the country—with some available at a markdown. However, owning an architectural work of art comes with some significant drawbacks if you’re not ready for it. Read more here.
(source: http://www.prairiemod.com)
Indecisive? Pick the middle
“The goalkeeper picks a side and dives 93.7 percent of the time and just stands in the middle only 6.3 percent of the time. There was a clear bias toward action.”
The Journal of Economic Psychology recently looked at the link between decision making and penalty kicks, and found, somewhat surprisingly, that goalkeepers might be better off doing nothing at all.
Analyzing close to 300 penalty kick situations, the study considered goalkeeper’s decisions in regards to which direction to move towards, the area to which the ball was actually kicked, and most importantly, whether the penalty was actually blocked.
The conclusion? Goalkeepers dive right or left 93.7% of the time, and choose to remain in the center in only 6.3% of penalty kick situations.
The problem comes from the fact that the direction of penalty kicks were distributed much more evenly, with almost 30% of penalty kicks sent towards the center of the goal.
But if goalkeepers could “almost double their save percentage by doing nothing,” why do they almost always choose to dive?
The researchers point towards something called action bias. Essentially, there’s an accepted norm that goalkeepers dive when attempting to block penalty kicks. If they fail to block a penalty kick when diving, they are considered to have made an effort; if they stay in the center when a penalty tucks into a corner, they’re lazy, indecisive, and made no attempt to block the ball. Goalkeepers favor action because of social expectations.
Fascinating
Frank Lloyd Wright, the organic architect
In 1991, American Institute of Architects recognized Frank Lloyd Wright as “the greatest American architect of all time.” Talented, radical and passionate about his vocation, Wright was a visionary master. He defied architectural doctrines of his time, challenged the tyranny of the skyscraper and was recognized as a true iconoclast believing that form and function in building should be one, “joined in a spiritual union.”
For Wright, American cities of the 20th century were a bad dream come true: stagy grandeur, disruptive of surrounding environment, flashy structures, dwarfing the human spirit — they represented all those things that he despised. Wright once referred to New York as “a great monument to the power of money and greed… a race for rent.” He didn’t care much for Pittsburgh either. In 1935, he was quoted saying, “If I were remaking this city the first thing I’d do would be get rid of that damned smoke.”
His philosophy of architecture was reflected in the Prairie School movement. The movement focused on the importance of harmony and aesthetic congruence between humanity and the surrounding environment. The philosophy embraced structures that grew organically, shaped by their natural surroundings and the needs of their human inhabitants, buildings that ‘hugged the earth’ and merged with the landscape rather than dominated it.
“Simplicity and repose are qualities that measure the true value of any work of art,” Wright said. Simplicity was his mantra and the ability to simplify, he believed, was the hardest skill for an architect to perfect. “‘Think simple’ as my old master used to say — meaning reduce the whole of its parts into the simplest terms, getting back to first principles,” he said. It was exactly for simplicity and elegance of Wright’s creations that he received international praises from Germany to Japan.
Wright designed more than 500 structures, 300 of which survive to this date.
Robie House, built in 1910 in Chicago, Ill., has been recently included in the list of “Ten buildings that changed America.”
But one of people’s most favorite buildings by Frank Lloyd Wright is, of course, the famous Fallingwater. It was built from 1934 to 1937 for the Kaufmanns at Mill Run, Pa. Constructed over a thirty-foot waterfall, Fallingwater is unique; its design defines what ‘organic architecture’ is about.
Frank Lloyd Wright also had projects that were never meant to be. When his plans for a building in Yosemite were rejected, he was unhappy with the government, when Venice tabled his proposal for a glass and marble palace on the Grand Canal, he was mad at the tourists.
Frank Lloyd Wright’s personal life was tempestuous, filled with adventures, struggle and turmoil. Wright was married three times and fathered seven children. He died in 1959 at age 91.
He mentored a lot of successful architects and left behind many bits of wisdom in books and lectures. One advice he tried to sear into the minds of his apprentices was, “Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you.”
Simplicity as art
